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Англ, вар 5 (Money and banking)

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I. Письменно переведите текст на русский язык. Выпишите 20 слов на экономическую тему с транскрипцией и переводом. Выучите эти слова наизусть.
Money and banking
Money and its Functions
Although the crucial feature of money is its acceptance as the means of payment or medium of exchange, money has other functions. It serves as a standard of value, a unit of account, a store of value and as a standard of deferred payment. We discuss each of the functions of money in turn.
The Medium of Exchange
Money, the medium of exchange, is used in one-half of almost all exchange. Workers exchange labour services for money. People buy and sell goods in exchange for money. We accept money not to consume it directly but because it can subsequently be used to by things we do wish to consume. Money is the medium through, which people exchange goods and services. To see that society benefits from a medium of exchange, imagine a barter economy. A barter economy has no medium of exchange. Goods are traded directly or swapped for other goods.
In a barter economy, the seller and the buyer each must want something the other has to offer. Each person is simultaneously a seller and a buyer. In order to see a film, you must hand over in exchange a good or service that the cinema manager wants. There has to be a double coincidence of wants. You have to find a cinema where the manager wants what you have to offer in exchange. Trading is very expensive in a barter economy. People must spend a lot of time and effort finding others with whom they can make mutually satisfactory swaps. Since time and effort are scarce resources, a barter economy is wasteful. The use of money-any commodity generally accepted in payment for goods, services, and debts-makes the trading process simpler and more efficient.
Other Functions of Money

Money can also serve as a standard of value. Society considers it convenient to use a monetary unit to determine relative costs of different goods and services. In this function money appears as the unit of account, is the unit in which prices are quoted and accounts are kept.
In Russia prices are quoted in roubles in Britain, in pounds sterling in the USA, in US dollars in France, in French francs. It is usually convenient to use the units in which the medium of exchange is measured as the unit of account as well. However there are exceptions. During the rapid German inflation of 1922-1923 when prices in marks were changing very quickly, German shopkeepers found it more convenient to use dollars as the unit of account. Prices were quoted in dollars even though payment was made in marks, the German medium of exchange. The situation in Russia nowadays reminds of that of in Germany. Money is a store of value because it can be used to make purchases in the future. To be accepted in exchange, money has to be a store of value. Nobody would accept money as payment of goods supplied today if the money was going to be worthless when they tried to buy goods with it tomorrow. But money is neither the only nor necessarily the best store of value. Houses, stamp collections, and interest-bearing bank accounts all serve as stores of value. Since money pays no interest and its real purchasing power is eroded by inflation, there are almost certainly better ways to store value. Finally, money serves as a standard of deferred or a unit of account over time. When you borrow, the amount to be repaid next year is measured in pounds sterling or in some other hard currency. Although bank loans specifying in dollars the amount that must be repaid next year. Thus the key feature of money is its use as a medium of exchange. For this, it must act as a store of value as well. And it is usually, though not invariably, convenient to make money the unit of account and standard of deferred payment as well.

II. Переведите на английский язык, обращая внимание на согласование времен.
Доп. информация
II. Переведите на английский язык, обращая внимание на согласование времен.
1. Он сказал, что давно не был здесь.
2. Анна сказала, что они были c друзьями в школе.
3. Я знал, что она напишет мне, когда вернется домой.
4. Майк сказал, что он уверен, что Анна и Кейт будут отличными гидами.
5. Анна сказала, что она только что встретила Бориса на улице.
6. Мы надеялись, что они вернут наши книги вовремя.
7. Он сказал, что остановится в отеле, когда приедет в Лондон.
8. Я не думал, что ты занят.
9. Мы думали, что закончим работу.
10. Роберт сказал, что приедет на вокзал проводить нас.

III. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past, Future Simple Passive.
1. This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow.
2. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday.
3. My question (to answer) yesterday.
4. Hockey (to play) in winter.
5. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn.
6. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London.
7. His new book ( to sell) in shops and in the streets.
8. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703.

IV. Переведите предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на перевод специальных вопросов в косвенной речи.
Они спросили меня, почему я пропустил несколько лекций.
как им добраться до площади Свердлова.
когда я последний раз видел Петрова.
как (насколько хорошо) я говорю по-английски.
как часто я хожу в театр.
сколько времени нужно, чтобы перевести эту статью.
сколько иностранных языков я знаю.

V. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму прилагательного.
1. The Arctiс Ocean is (cold) than the Indian Ocean.
2. Chinese is (difficult) than English.
3. Spanish is (easy) than German.
4. She is not so (busy) as I am.
5. It is as (cold) today as it was yesterday.
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