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Задания к тексту №1
Задание №1. Прочитайте и переведите устно текст “Constitutional and Human Rights” со словарем.

Задание №2. Соотнесите следующие английские словосочетания из текста “Constitutional and Human Rights” с их русскими эквивалентами и запишите их.
А В
1. to define the powers of government Права человека
2. fundamental rights of citizens Основные стандарты свободы и безопасности
3. within jurisdiction Определять полномочия власти
4. human rights Осуществлять правовые действия по отношению к государству
5. basic standards of freedom and security Срок полномочий
6. to make and enforce laws В пределах юрисдикции
7. term of office Ставить конституцию выше других законов
8. simple majority Основные права граждан
9. to put the constitution above other laws Принимать и проводить в жизнь законы
10. to take legal action against the state Простое большинство

Задание №3. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы и запишите их.
1. What is the difference between a constitutional and human right?
2. What countries put the constitution above other laws?

Задание №4. Перепишите и переведите абзацы №1, 3, 4.

Задание №5. Выпишите из абзаца №5 предложение, отражающее основное содержание.

TEXT 1.
CONSTITUTIONAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS
1. As well as defining the powers of government, most constitutions describe the fundamental rights of citizens. These usually include general declarations about freedom and equality.
2. A constitutional right is one which a state guarantees to its own citizens and sometimes to foreigners who are within its jurisdiction. But a human right is one to which people all over the world are entitled whatever their nationality and wherever they live.
3. Most of the law in the world is made by individual governments for their own people. But human rights are basic minimum standards of freedom and security for all.
4. There are laws which enable citizens to take legal action against the state. These actions are part of constitutional law.
5. A constitution is a political structure within which a system of law operates. Most countries have a formal written constitution describing how laws are to be made and enforced. The US constitution, for example, sets a four year term of office for the president. In Switzerland, a referendum (national vote) must be held on any issue for which a petition signed by 10 000 people has been gathered; in Ireland referendum is to be used only in the case of changes in the constitution itself. In Germany a change in the constitution requires a special vote in parliament, not the simple majority necessary for other laws. Many other countries put the constitution above other laws by making it difficult to change.
Задания к тексту №2
Задание №1. Прочтите и переведите устно текст со словарем.

Задание №2. Найдите в тексте и запишите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний. Не забудьте переписать русский вариант.
1. поддерживать преемственность политики
2. чиновники, работающие на постоянной основе
3. государственный служащий
4. управление бюрократическим аппаратом
5. иметь гарантию занятости
6. удостоиться государственной награды

Задание №3. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы и запишите их.
1. What are the functions of the civil service?
2. Why do most people stay in the civil service for life?

Задание №4. Перепишите и переведите абзац №1.
TEXT 2
THE CIVIL SERVICE
1. In order to maintain continuity of policy, Government Departments and their agencies are staffed with politically neutral permanent officials, known as civil servants. These serve each Government regardless of which party is in power. Governments come and go, but the civil service remains.
2. The civil service in Britain today has at least five functions. These are:
Доп. информация
2. The civil service in Britain today has at least five functions. These are:
• informing and advising Ministers;
• helping them to formulate policy;
• implementing the decisions once taken by Ministers;
• representing Ministers in meetings with and dealing with Ministers’ correspondence from other Departments, interest groups and members of the public;
• managing the bureaucratic machine of central Government
3. For those who belong to it, the British civil service is a career. Its most senior positions are usually filled by people who have been working in this system for twenty years or more. These people get a high salary, have absolute job security and stand a good chance of being awarded an official honor. For all these reasons, top civil servants exercise quite a lot of control over their ministers, and it is sometimes said that it is they, and not their ministers, who really govern the country.

Задания к тексту №3
Задание №1. Прочтите и переведите текст “The Media and the Judicial Process” со словарем.

Задание №2. Найдите в тексте и запишите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний. Не забудьте переписать русский вариант.
1. уделять внимание
2. освещение, репортаж о преступлении в печати, по телевидению
3. с одной стороны, с другой стороны
4. беспристрастные присяжные
5. судить обвиняемого
6. свобода печати
7. отмена обвинительного приговора
8. причиняющая вред публичность, известность
9. справедливое судебное разбирательство
10. ассоциация адвокатов
11. опубликование деталей судебного процесса
12. оставаться неразрешенным

Задание №3. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы и запишите их.
1. In what way does the right of a free press conflict with the right of a fair trial?
2. What measures can judges take to limit press coverage of a trial?

Задание №4. Перепишите и переведите абзац №3.

TEXT 3
THE MEDIA AND THE JUDICIAL PROCESS
1. The press in the United States and in many other countries devotes much attention to crime and criminal trials. Several times each week Americans can watch courtroom dramas on television.
2. However, press and television coverage of crime and criminal trials raises various issues for the courts. On the one hand, extensive press coverage often makes it difficult to obtain an impartial jury to try the defendants. On the other hand, limitation of press coverage restricts a basic American liberty, freedom of the press.
3. Since the reversal of Dr. Sam Sheppard’s conviction in the murder of his life because prejudicial publicity had prevented his obtaining a fair trial, judges and bar associations have actively sought to prevent the leakage of pretrial publicity. Judges now prohibit attorneys from revealing evidence to the press before the trial.
4. In recent years judges have limited press coverage by excluding the media from various stages of the proceeding or prohibiting their publication of certain details of the trial. Such orders have provoked sharp conflict between the press and the courts: the freedom of the press versus the defendant’s right to a fair trial. It is a conflict that remains unresolved.

ЗАДАНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ №4
Задание №1. Прочтите и переведите устно текст “The Question of Security in Britain”со словарем.

Задание №2. Найдите в тексте и запишите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний. Не забудьте переписать русский вариант.
1. сведения, информация, разведка
2. внутренняя безопасность
3. противостоять шпионажу
4. шпионская сеть
5. министр внутренних дел
6. подслушивать телефонные разговоры

Задание №3. Перепишите и переведите абзацы №3, 4, 6.
TEXT 4
THE QUESTION OF SECURITY IN BRITAIN

1. Two main British intelligence organizations are: MI5, which deals with internal security and countering espionage, and MI6, Britain’s spy network abroad.
2. The Home Secretary is responsible for overseeing MI5’s activities, The Home Secretary grants app
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