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Купить К/р №3 по англ (Carbohydrates, Drugs, Antibiotics)
К/р №3 по англ (Carbohydrates, Drugs, Antibiotics)

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1. Перевести текст.
Carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates are compounds containing the elements of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the last two elements being usually present in the proportion in which they are found in water. The group includes sugars of different degrees of complexity and polysaccharides such as starch, inulin and cellulose.
Sugars which contain from three to nine carbon atoms form monosaccharides, those with five and six carbon atoms (pentoses and hexoses) being the most important.
Polysaccharides are derived from sugar molecules by condensation with the elimination of water.
Sugars are readily soluble in water and in general can be induced to crystallize only with difficulty and after careful purification. They have a sweet taste. Of the polysaccharides inulin is insoluble.
All carbohydrates give a violet colour when treated with alphanaphthol followed by concentrated sulphuric acid. The test may be applied either to a solution or in the case of an insoluble carbohydrate to its suspension in water. Some carbohydrates are reducing. Non-reducing carbohydrates such as sucrose and the polysaccharides can be hydrolyzed by boiling for about half an hour or more with a little dilute acid. After neutralizing sugars have been produced. The process of hydrolysis is a reversible one and more complex carbohydrates are synthesized in the plant from sugar units. In addition there are some relatively rare desoxy sugars which have so far only been found in nature in cardiac glycosides. These desoxy sugars contain one or two oxygen atoms fewer than the corresponding carbohydrates with six carbon atoms. They include rhamnose, digitoxose and cymarose.

2. Выписать н перевести предложения, содержащие Participle I и Participle II.

3. Выписать и перевести предложения. содержащие самостоятельный причастный оборот.

4. Выписать и перевести предложения, содержащие герундий и герундиальные обороты.

5. Ответьте на вопросы.
1) What do carbohydrates contain?
2) In what proportions are hydrogen and oxygen present in carbohydrates?
3) In what groups do all carbohydrates fall?
4) How many carbon atoms do sugars of different groups contain?
5) In what way are polysaccharides derived from sugar molecules?
6) What are the physical and chemical properties of sugars?
7) When do all carbohydrates give a violet colour?
8) Can non-reducing carbohydrates be hydrolyzed by boiling with a little dilute acid?
9) Is the process of hydrolysis of carbohydrates a reversible one?
10) Where are more complex carbohydrates synthesized?
11) What sugars are rarely found in nature?

6. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1) Углеводы - это соединения, состоящие из углерода, водорода и кислорода.
2) Существует несколько групп углеводов, которые включают сахара и полисахара, различные по сложности.
3) Моносахара содержат от 3 до 9 углеводных атомов.
4) Полисахариды получают из молекул сахара путем конденсации с удалением воды.
5) Сахара легко растворимы в воде.
6) Все углеводы дают фиолетовый цвет при обработке альфанафтолом.
7) Некоторые углеводороды восстанавливаются.
8) Невосстанавливающиеся углеводы могут быть гидролизованы при кипении в течение 1/2 часа в растворе слаборазведённой кислоты.
9) Процесс гидролиза является обратимым, и более сложные углеводы синтезируются в растениях из сахаров.

7. Переведите предложения, содержащие причастные обороты.
1) Using different methods chemists isolated and identified about six million substances.
2) While establishing impurities it is necessary to use special methods.
3) When boiled with dilute nitric acid the solution decomposed
4) When given in greater amounts certain medicines can affect the biological functions of the body.
Доп. информация
8. Напишите предложения, выбрав соответствующие причастие. Переведите на русский язык.
1) Complex mixtures of hydrocarbon compounds (contained, containing) only carbon and hydrogen occur in very large quantities in nature.
2) In 1820 some amino acids were isolated in crystalline form from solutions (preparing, prepared) by heating proteins with mineral acid.
3) in the twentieth century the vitamins and the elements (requiring, required) only in small amounts were discovered....

9. Выделите самостоятельный причастный оборот. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) Carbohydrates are compounds containing the elements of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the last two elements being usually present in the proportions in which they are found in water.
2) Sugars contain from three to nine carbon atoms, those with five and six atoms being the most important
3) Sugar molecules consist of atoms, each sugar molecule having its own special atom.
...

10. Укажите герундий. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) One salt can be transformed into another by treating it with an acid.
2) After filling, the ampoules are closed with stoppers.
3) Filtration is the process of separating liquids from solids....

11. Напишите предложения, выбрав соответствующую форму герундии.
1) It has been demonstrated that bacteria continue to multiply for a time after (planting, being planted) in broth containing small concentrations of penicillin.
2) After (being filled, filling) the ampoules are closed with sterilized rubber caps...

12. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на способ перевода герундия и причастия.
1) On changing the culture new antibiotic substances were obtained.
2) Changing the volume of vessels one may obtain larger amounts of the final product...

13. Переведите предложении, обращая внимание на выделенные формы глагола.
1) Antibiotic substances have the properly of inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
2) The experiments resulted in discovering chloramphenicol. ...

Задание 14. Переведите текст на русский язык
Drugs.
Drugs are chemical substances used in medicine in the treatment of disease. These chemical substances can come from many different sources. Drugs arc obtained from various parts of plants, such as the roots, leaves, and fruit. Examples of such drugs are digitalis (from the foxglove plant), and antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin (from plants called molds). Drugs can also be obtained from animals; for example, hormones are secretions from die glands of animals Drugs can be made from chemical substances which are synthesized in the laboratory. Anticancer drugs, such as methotrexate and prednisone, y.....

Задание 15. Найдите к каждому термину иг группы (а) определение нз группы (б).
а) 1. pharmacy; 2. molecular pharmacology; 3. brand name: 4. generic name; 5. chemical name; 6. cumulation; 7. additive action; 8 potentiation; ...

Задание 16. Соотнесите способ введения лекарства из группы (a) с лекарственным средством или процедурой.
a) 1. intravenous; 2. rectal; 3. oral; 4. topical; 5. inhalation; 6. intrathecal; 7. intramuscular; 8 intradermal;....

Задание 17. Переведите текст на русский язык.
Antibiotics.
An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism (bacterium or simple plant called a mold). The antibiotic can be bacteriocidal (able to kill microorganisms such as bacteria) or bacteriostatic (inhibit the growth of other microorganisms). Antibiotics have been synthesized in the laboratory* and are used to treat serious bacterial infections.

Задание 18. Напишите значение следующих терминов.
1. gram-positive bacteria; 2. gram-negative bacteria; 3. antibiotic; 4. bacteriocidal; 5. bacteriostatic;

Задание 19. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты.
1. подавляют рост других микроорганизмов;

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