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Купить Английский, вариант 3 (Money)
Английский, вариант 3 (Money)

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I. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст:
Money
Money is one of man s greatest inventions and the fact that all but the least developed of human societies use money indicates that it is an essential tool of civilization. In the absence of some form of money, exchange may take the form of barter which is the direct exchange of goods and services for goods and services. Barter will serve man s requirements quite adequately when he provides most of his needs directly and relies upon market exchanges for very few of the things he wants. As the extent of specialization increases, the barter system proves very inefficient and frustrating. In the simplest societies each family will provide by its own efforts most of its needs and perhaps some small surpluses. A farmer will exchange any small surplus of food, wool or hides for surpluses of other producers. But this sys¬tem of exchange becomes very cumbersome as economic activities become more specialized. A specialist metal worker must seek out a large number of other specialists in order to obtain, by barter, the variety of goods he needs to satisfy his daily wants.
The great disadvantage of barter is the fact that it depends upon a "dou¬ble coincidence of wants". A hunter who wants to exchange his skins for corn must find, not merely a person who wants skins, but someone who wants skin and has a surplus of com for disposal. The alternative is to ex¬change his skins for some other article and they carry out a series of similar exchanges until he finally gets his corn.

П. Письменно на английском языке ответьте на вопросы:
1. What is barter?
2. When may exchange take the form of barter?
3. When is barter inefficient and frustrating?
4. What is a disadvantage of barter?

III. Письменно переведите следующие сочетания слов с русского языка на английский:
Прямой обмен товарами и услугами, с ростом специализации, получать, обмен, величайшее изобретение человека, человеческие потребности, полагаться на рыночный обмен, увеличиваться, излишки, производитель, экономическая деятельность, указывать.

IV. Найдите антонимы среди следующих слов:
Absence, increase, major, spread, presence, same, reduce, minor, ac-cumulate, different.

V. Образуйте 3 формы от следующих глаголов:
Take, prove, become, need, find, set, make, come, raise, give, store, fall, pay, spread, do.

VI. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам:
1. In the absence of some form of money, exchange may take the form of barter.
2. As the extent of specialization increases, the barter system proves very inefficient.
3. A specialist metal worker must see out a large number of other specialists in order to obtain, by barter, the variety of goods he needs.
4. The alternative is to change his skins for some other article.
5. The use of money makes possible a great extension of the principle of specialization.

VII. Oткройте скобки, используя нужное время, укажите его:
1. К. Marx (to see) the setting of capitalism as anything but permanent.
2. The present office (to be) too small.
3. Changes in the rate of interest on government securities will often affect share prices.
4. Last year the results (to be) not very pleasing.
5. In a situation of full employment, the supply of most goods and services will be inelastic.
6. The classical economists (to regard) money as no more than a medium of exchange.
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