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Купить Английский, вариант 3 (Paper chase)
Английский, вариант 3 (Paper chase)

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1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
Paper chase
Take a minute to look around the room you are in and notice how many things are made out of paper. There may be books, a few magazines, some printer paper, and perhaps a poster on the wall. Yet, if you consider that each person in the United States uses 749 pounds of paper every year (adding up to a whopping 187 billion pounds per year for the entire population, by far the largest per capita consumption rate of paper for any country in the world), then you realize that paper comes in many more forms than meets the eye.
The fact is, world consumption of paper has grown four hundred percent in the last 40 years. Now nearly 4 billion trees or 35 % of the total trees cut around the world are used in paper industries on every continent. Besides what you can see around you, paper comes in many forms from tissue paper to cardboard packaging, to stereo speakers, to electrical plugs, to home insulation, to the sole inserts in your tennis shoes. In short, paper is everywhere.
So where does it come from? Most people can guess that trees are the staple of any paper product. But did you know that until the middle of the 19th century, the main ingredient of paper was cloth rag? And while trees have since become a vital component in the creation of paper, many manufacturers today are beginning to use recycled waste combined with tree pulp to decrease the number of trees that need to be cut down and keep up with the growing demand for paper. Also, many environmentalists who believe that the world´s forests are being cut down faster than they can grow are pointing to the continued success of wood-free paper made with
other plants such as hemp and a similarly fibrous plant called kenaf.
Following is a brief history of paper along with the details of how the modern industry works and a few suggestions for making paper without cutting down so many trees.
The first paper-like substance was invented by the Egyptians over 6,000 years ago. Papyrus, which is the root of our English word "paper", was made by weaving reeds or other fibrous plants together and pounding
them into a flat sheet. The Greeks and the Romans also used this technique, although some Ancient Greek paper makers were the first to create a kind of parchment paper made out of animal skins. Chances are, Aristotle, Socrates and other Greek philosophers originally wrote their books on the skins of dead cows.
But paper as we know wasn´t made until 105 AD, when a Chinese court official named Tsai Lun mixed mulberry bark and hemp with water and scraps of cotton and linen cloth (i.e. rags). This concoction was mashed into a pulp and pressed into mats that were left in the sun to dry. Rags, as it turns out, would be used as the basis for paper for the next 1700 years.
As the Chinese culture flourished and expanded to the edges of the Asian continent, paper went along with it, first to Korea and Japan and then to the Arab world, which included Egypt and Morocco. .......

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can ultimately provide extraordinary economics for the manufacturers and the consumers. It is simply a matter of the different groups within the industry agreeing on how to best make it happen. And, it is going to take consumers like you and me to start buying recycled products as well as alternative pulp.
What is certain is that with so much of our daily lives dependent on the material, paper is here to stay. Even e-mail and the Internet have not slowed this demand. And yet, as research advances and the environmental impact lessen, perhaps we will be able to live comfortably with paper for the next six thousand years.

2. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту на английском языке:
1. How many things are made out of paper in your classroom?
2. Why is world consumption of paper growing so rapidly?
3. Where does the paper come from?
4. Do you know any facts from the history of papermaking?
5. Where and when was the first paper-like substance invented?

3. Переведите следующие предложения с русского на английский язык:
1. Посмотрите вокруг себя, и вы удивитесь, сколько вещей сделано из бумаги.
2. За последние сорок лет мировое потребление бумаги возросло на 100 %.
3. Сегодня многие производители используют переработанные отходы, чтобы сократить объем вырубаемых деревьев.
4. Первое похожее на бумагу вещество было изобретено египтянами более 6000 лет назад.
5. Итальянцы и французы стали монополистами в производстве бумаги и возглавляли бумажную промышленность в Европе с 1250 по 1470 гг.
6. Заводы по производству бумаги стали открываться во всей Европе, а в 1690 году первый бумажный завод был открыт в Филадельфии.
7. В настоящее время в мире ежегодно потребляется 300 миллионов тонн бумаги.
8. США, где проживает только 5 % мирового населения, используют 30 % всей бумаги.
9. Когда деревья срубят, их отправляют на завод, где они измельчаются циркулярными пилами.
10. К сожалению, процесс изготовления бумаги не безопасен с экологической точки зрения.

4. Поставьте глагол, заключенный в скобки, во время Present Perfect:
1. He thinks it’s pure nerves and he (to give) me pills.
2. Sam, what (to come) over you? You make me sad talking like this.
3. I don’t know how often I (to tell) you that I don’t believe in this.
4. I (to try) to be good.
5. "Come on, ladies," he shouted, "there’s nothing to be afraid of. The mice (to leave) the room."
6. "Your hands are probably soiled. Go and wash them." "I (to wash) them."
7. "Do you know the man?" "I (to meet) him."
8. "Well, it’s very nice to see you anyway. I (to be) lonely."
9. "You look a bit shaken. Are you all right?" "It (to be) a pretty awful day, that’s all."
10. "Are you keen on sailing?" "I … never (to do) any."

5. Поставьте глагол, заключенный в скобки, во время Past Perfect:
1. He asked me if I (to have) breakfast.
2. He now opened the low gate that he … so often (to swing) on as a small boy.
3. She was sure that he … never (to lie) to her before.
4. He knew that as a girl she (to live) in Rome.
5. He glanced up and down the beach to see if he (to leave) anything.
6. She realized that she was faint for food. She (to eat) nothing since the picnic.
7. He quite forgot that Julian (to be divorced) for some time.
8. He decided to wait till he (to talk) to the man himself.
9. He was not aware how long he (to sit) there.
10. I called at nine and the man said she (to go) out about an hour ago.

6. Поставьте глагол, заключенный в скобки, во время Past Perfect:
1. If you come back in about twenty minutes Alec and I (to have) our talk.
2. You’d better ring me back in half an hour. By then I (to find) the letter.
3. He says they (to finish) the house by the end of next month.
4. He will probably get here in about three weeks. By which time I (to return) to the University.
5. When we get back he (to have) a bath and we shall find him asleep in his bed.
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